Affordable Housing Glossary: Terms, Acronyms & Definitions


Affordable housing has its own vocabulary, from AMI and LIHTC to Section 8, RAD, ROSS, and recertification. This glossary explains common affordable housing terms and acronyms in plain English for property managers, service coordinators, housing professionals, residents, and anyone new to the industry.


Affordable Housing

Housing designed to cost less for people and families with limited incomes.

AMI (Area Median Income)

Area Median Income. The midpoint household income for a geographic area and a key benchmark for determining affordable housing eligibility.

Annual Recertification

T he required yearly review of a household's income and eligibility in many affordable housing programs.

Compliance

Following the rules and documentation requirements of an affordable housing program.

Extremely Low Income

A HUD income category generally used for households earning 30% or less of the local AMI.

HCV (Housing Choice Voucher)

The most common type of Section 8 assistance. Residents use a voucher to help rent an eligible privately owned home.

Housing Authority / PHA

A local government agency that administers public housing and housing assistance programs. PHA stands for Public Housing Agency.

HUD (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development)

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, the federal agency that oversees many housing programs.

Income Limit

The maximum household income allowed to qualify for a particular affordable housing program.

Interim Recertification

A review conducted between annual recertifications because something significant changed, such as income or household size.

LIHTC (Low-Income Housing Tax Credit)

Low-Income Housing Tax Credit. A federal tax incentive used to finance the construction or preservation of affordable rental housing.

Low Income

A HUD income category generally covering households earning 80% or less of the local AMI.

Occupancy

Whether housing units are filled by residents. An occupancy rate shows the percentage of units currently rented.

PBRA (Project-Based Rental Assistance)

Federal rental assistance attached to particular affordable housing properties, usually through a contract with HUD.

PBV (Project-Based Voucher)

Rental assistance tied to a specific apartment or property rather than to the resident.

Public Housing:

Housing owned or operated by a local housing authority and rented to eligible low-income households.

RAD (Rental Assistance Demonstration)

A HUD program that allows public housing properties to convert to long-term Section 8 rental assistance, making it easier to finance major repairs and preserve affordable housing.

Recertification

The periodic process of verifying a resident's income, household information, and eligibility for continued housing assistance.

Rent-Restricted Unit

An apartment whose rent cannot exceed limits established by an affordable housing program.

Resident / Tenant

The person or household living in the housing unit. “Resident” is often preferred in community-oriented settings, while “tenant” is common in leases and regulations.

ROSS (Resident Opportunity and Self-Sufficiency)

A HUD program that funds service coordinators who connect public housing residents with employment, education, healthcare, transportation, financial literacy, and other supportive services.

Section 8

A federal program that helps eligible households pay rent. The government typically pays part of the rent directly to the landlord.

Subsidized Housing

Housing where government assistance helps reduce what an eligible resident pays in rent.

Tenant Rent

The portion of the monthly rent that the resident is responsible for paying.

Utility Allowance

An estimated amount for utilities that may be taken into account when calculating how much rent a resident must pay.

Very Low Income

A HUD income category generally covering households earning 50% or less of the local AMI.

Waiting List

A list of households waiting for an affordable apartment or housing assistance to become available.

For more, please go to following resources:

  • HUD: Affordable Housing Programs
    Best starting point for understanding the major federal affordable housing programs, including HOME and related funding programs.
    HUD Affordable Housing Programs
  • HUD: Housing Choice Voucher Program
    Good resource for understanding Section 8, Housing Choice Vouchers, PHAs, eligibility, and how the program works.
    HUD Housing Choice Voucher Program
  • National Low Income Housing Coalition: Advocates’ Guide
    Probably the best broad educational resource on U.S. affordable housing programs and policy. The 2026 guide is specifically intended for people ranging from newcomers to experienced housing professionals.
    NLIHC Advocates’ Guide
  • Novogradac Affordable Housing Resource Center
    Especially useful for learning about LIHTC, income limits, compliance, QAPs, tax credits, and the financial side of affordable housing.
    Novogradac Affordable Housing Resource Center
  • HUD: Helping Americans
    A more layperson-friendly HUD resource explaining public housing, rental assistance, PHAs, eligibility, and where different programs fit together.
    HUD Helping Americans

Get in touch with us